Introduction:
Systematic is the scientific study of organisms diversity and their relationship, It is a fundamental discipline that encompasses, (Prist and Austin; 1993) sate that there are three good reason for the classification of bacteria in two groups, the firstly the classification is an efficient means of summarizing and cataloguing information about an organism, secondly, classification is essential pre requisite before identification systems can be devised, and a thirdly purpose of classification is the insight that may be gained into the origins and evolutionary pathway of bacteria in which evolutionary pathway and classification are taken as being synonymous (Prist and Austin; 1993).
This conveniently leads to an issue that is hotly debated in bacterial systematic, that phenetics, where bacteria are grouped on the basis of overall phenotypic similarity, versus phylogenetics where are approach to classification is the reconstruct evolutionary genealogies and the historical course of speciation , (Prist and Austin; 1993)
The requirement is for a stable classification system which high information contents that have practical application and from which phylogenetic relationship can be inferred. To this end bacterial systematic has undergone a remarkable degree of change in the past 30 years, with the development and refinement of a number of key techniques, Numerical taxonomy, Chemotaxonomy, and Molecular taxonomy systematic. (Stackbrtandt and Good fellow; 1991)
Mangroves are woody plant community, which live between the sea and the land. Mangroves provide a unique ecological environmental of diverse bacterial communities. The bacteria fill a number of niches and are fundamental to the functioning of these habitate. They are particularly important in controlling the chemical environmental of the mangal, (Chandrika et, al; 1990) Bacteria play a number of other in to mangal, and some live symbiotically with other organism. Nitrogen fixing bacteria are efficient at using a variety of mangrove substrate despite differences in carbon content and phenol concentration, (Pelegri and Twilley; 1998), However, their abundance may be dependent on physical condition and mangrove community composition. Nitrogen fixing Azospirillum, which show potential as biofertilizers are abundance in the mangal, exceeds that in marine backwater and estuarine systems. (Ravikumar et al; 2002)
Materials and methods:
Collection of samples:
Root and rhizophere soil samples were collected from Manakkudy mangroves ecosystem (770.7-77035′ E and 80-8035′ N). Two mangrove species viz Avicennia officinalis and Rhizophora mucronata were obtained by pulling out the roots fully with a lump of soil intact. The soil and root sample were separated carefully and kept in sterile polythene bay for the enumeration of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria, all the collected sample were immediately to the laboratory in iced chests maintained at 40C and all microbiological analysis were made with in 4- 6 hrs of sampling, (Hold,et.al,1994).
Isolation of halophillic Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria:
Serial diluted soil and root sample were made with sterilized 50% aged seawater and were plated with the Nfb agar medium for isolated in halophillic Azospirillum and Pikovskya’s agar medium for isolated in Phosphate solubilizing bacteria. After solidification, the Nfb medium g/lit (D.L.Malic acid: 5gm, KH2PO4:0.50gm, MgSO4.7H2O: 0.20gm, Nacl: 0.10gm, CaCl2.2H2O, KOH: 4.0gm, Mineral element solution: 2ml, 0.5% Bromophenol blue: 2.0ml, 1.64
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Tags: Azospirillum, bacterial communities, classification of bacteria, evolutionary pathway, fundamental discipline, good fellow, phenetics, prist, species diversity, woody plant